Gradual degradation may be caused by (1) Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) damage experienced by the device, or (2) defects in the materials used in the laser diode or the fabrication process from which it is made, and from moisture ingression that can occur from inadequate hermetic. Gradual degradation may be caused by (1) Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) damage experienced by the device, or (2) defects in the materials used in the laser diode or the fabrication process from which it is made, and from moisture ingression that can occur from inadequate hermetic. Cratering occurs when a crack develops under the ball bond metallization zone from stress to a bond wire that pulls the chip out, leaving a void or “crater'. This is usually a result of an incorrect ball bonding process such as excessive pressure. It can also be caused by tension on the bond wire. Gideon Analytical Laboratories received two failed photocouplers for failure analysis. These photocouplers feature a high isolation voltage, high-speed switching, and high collector to emitter voltage. Reduce system downtime, and mitigate severe repairs. This application note gives a quick introduction, how Würth Elektronik eiSos tests the lifetime of optocouplers, how you can calculate the expected lifetime for your application and it will give you tips on how to operate the optocouplers in order to increase the lifetime. Often. The primary causes of optical transceiver failure are performance degradation due to ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) damage and optical link failure caused by optical port contamination and damage.